Biology
Mitochondria
Mitochondria are organelles that produce cellular energy (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation and play central roles in metabolism, signaling, and cell death.
Detailed Explanation
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging. Peptides that target mitochondria include SS-31 (Elamipretide), which concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane and protects cardiolipin; MOTS-c, a mitochondria-encoded peptide that regulates metabolic homeostasis; and Humanin, a mitochondrial peptide with cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic effects.