Neuroscience
BDNF
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a protein that supports neuron survival, growth, and synaptic plasticity, often called "fertilizer for the brain."
Detailed Explanation
BDNF is a member of the neurotrophin family and is critical for learning, memory, and neurogenesis. Several cognitive peptides work by upregulating BDNF — Semax increases BDNF 3-4x, Noopept stimulates BDNF and NGF expression, and PE-22-28 activates the BDNF-TrkB pathway. Low BDNF levels are associated with depression, cognitive decline, and neurodegenerative disease.